EngageMedia DRONEDRONE
Digital Rights Oversight& Network Evaluator
Data & AI Governance
Digital Trade Agreements
Platform Accountability
Observatory
EngageMediaEngageMedia

DRONE — Digital Rights Oversight & Network Evaluator is an independent policy intelligence platform developed by EngageMedia. It monitors ASEAN digital trade frameworks, legal scrubbing, cross-border data transfer laws, and algorithmic governance threats.

Maintained by: EngageMedia Research Team

Research Modules

  • Data & AI Governance
  • Digital Trade Agreements
  • Platform Accountability
  • Jurisdiction Observatory
  • Verified Policy Ledger
  • Curated Knowledge Hub
  • Encrypted Leaks Portal

EngageMedia Network

  • EngageMedia Official Site

    Open and secure digital technologies, media, and human rights across Asia-Pacific

  • DRAPAC Network

    Digital Rights Asia-Pacific Assembly & Regional Movement Building

© 2026 EngageMedia • DRONE Project • Released under CC BY 4.0 Human Rights License.
EngageMedia DRONEDRONE
Digital Rights Oversight& Network Evaluator
Data & AI Governance
Digital Trade Agreements
Platform Accountability
Observatory
OverviewAI Ethics & AccountabilityCross-Border Data FlowsEncryption & PrivacyTech Sovereignty & Compute

Tech Sovereignty & Compute

How free is each ASEAN country to use and build technology? This radar measures five dimensions of government tech control across 11 countries. A larger pentagon means more freedom — companies keep their code private, use strong encryption, and choose their own tech. A smaller shape means more restrictions — forced transfers, mandatory source disclosure, and encryption backdoors.
High Risk3 of 11 Countries
Encryption Events13 Tracked
Core Concepts & Regulatory Dimensions
No Forced Tech TransferCan foreign firms enter without giving tech to local partners?
Source Code ProtectionCan firms keep code private without government disclosure?
Technology ChoiceCan firms pick best tech or forced onto local standards?
Authentication MethodsCan users use open e-signatures or locked to state IDs?
Encryption ProductsCan citizens freely use VPNs and encryption tools?
Reading Guidance: Select up to 4 countries from the toggles. Each axis ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Countries scoring below 40 are flagged as high risk. The timeline below the radar logs real-world laws and decrees — red dots signal high-impact restrictions, green dots signal positive developments.

Technology Sovereignty Comparison

20406080NoForcedTechTransferSource Code ProtectionTechnology ChoiceAuthentication MethodsEncryption Products
SGSingapore
MYMalaysia
VNVietnam
MMMyanmar

Select Countries (up to 4)

SGSingaporeAvg 92/100
No Forced Tech Transfer95
Source Code Protection90
Technology Choice90
Authentication Methods95
Encryption Products90
MYMalaysiaAvg 72/100
No Forced Tech Transfer70
Source Code Protection65
Technology Choice80
Authentication Methods80
Encryption Products65
VNVietnamAvg 30/100
No Forced Tech Transfer25
Source Code Protection20
Technology Choice30
Authentication Methods55
Encryption Products20
MMMyanmarAvg 8/100
No Forced Tech Transfer5
Source Code Protection5
Technology Choice10
Authentication Methods15
Encryption Products5

Technology Sovereignty & Interventions Timeline

Chronological vertical log of government tech interventions, source code disclosure mandates, VPN bans, and encryption backdoors across ASEAN.

Filter by Country:
Vietnam (VN)End-to-End Encryption Restriction
Nov 28, 2025

Draft AI Law Proposes Algorithmic Audit Mandates

Proposed AI governance framework would require foreign AI and encryption service providers to submit algorithms for government review and audit, potentially weakening end-to-end encryption implementations.

Risk Meter
75/100
Official Document
Malaysia (MY)Cybersecurity Capacity Building
Jun 15, 2025

NACSA Launches National Encryption Standards Framework

National Cyber Security Agency publishes voluntary encryption standards for critical infrastructure sectors, emphasizing AES-256 and post-quantum readiness without backdoor requirements.

Risk Meter
10/100
Official Document
Philippines (PH)Cybersecurity Capacity Building
Feb 14, 2025

CICC Partners with Interpol on Cybercrime Capacity Building

Cybercrime Investigation and Coordinating Center partners with Interpol to enhance cyber forensics and encryption analysis capabilities for law enforcement.

Risk Meter
25/100
Official Document
Singapore (SG)Cybersecurity Capacity Building
Oct 1, 2024

ASEAN-Singapore Cybersecurity Centre of Excellence Launched

Singapore commits S$30M to establish ASEAN cybersecurity capacity building centre, providing training on encryption standards, threat intelligence sharing, and incident response.

Risk Meter
5/100
Official Document
Indonesia (ID)Lawful Intercept Expansion
May 15, 2024

MR5 Mandates 24-Hour Content Removal and Access

Ministerial Regulation 5 requires private electronic system operators to provide access to systems and data within 24 hours for emergency compliance requests from Kominfo.

Risk Meter
65/100
Official Document
Myanmar (MM)VPN Ban / Criminalization
Mar 15, 2024

Draft Cybersecurity Law Criminalizes VPN Usage

Military junta proposes amendments mandating ISP packet inspection and criminalizing VPN usage without prior military administrative clearance. Penalties include imprisonment.

Risk Meter
95/100
Official Document
Myanmar (MM)Lawful Intercept Expansion
Feb 20, 2024

Warrantless Access to Telecommunication Logs Mandated

Draft law grants military authorities unrestricted warrantless access to all telecommunication logs and user data.

Risk Meter
98/100
Official Document
Indonesia (ID)Encryption Backdoor Mandate
Nov 10, 2023

BSSN National Cryptography Standards Push

National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN) promotes mandatory use of national cryptographic standards (SNI cryptography) for government systems, raising concerns about potential backdoor requirements.

Risk Meter
50/100
Official Document
Thailand (TH)Lawful Intercept Expansion
Aug 30, 2023

Computer Crime Act Amendments Expand Surveillance Powers

Amendments to Computer Crime Act expand authorities' power to compel ISPs to provide user data and traffic logs without judicial warrant in 'emergency' situations.

Risk Meter
60/100
Official Document
Myanmar (MM)Encryption Backdoor Mandate
Jun 10, 2023

ISP Packet Inspection Infrastructure Deployed

State-owned MPT has deployed deep packet inspection equipment from Chinese vendors enabling real-time traffic monitoring and interception.

Risk Meter
90/100
Official Document
Vietnam (VN)Key Escrow Requirement
Oct 1, 2022

Decree 53 Mandates Data Access for Authorities

Decree 53/2022/ND-CP requires foreign tech firms to store user data locally and provide access to authorities upon request, effectively mandating key escrow for law enforcement access.

Risk Meter
80/100
Official Document
Cambodia (KH)Lawful Intercept Expansion
Feb 16, 2022

National Internet Gateway Enables Centralized Monitoring

NIG sub-decree routes all international internet traffic through state-controlled gateway, enabling centralized monitoring and potential interception of all cross-border communications.

Risk Meter
75/100
Official Document
Vietnam (VN)Encryption Backdoor Mandate
Jan 1, 2019

Cybersecurity Law Requires Decryption Capability

Law No. 24/2018/QH14 requires telecommunications and internet service providers to provide decryption capabilities to competent state agencies when requested.

Risk Meter
85/100
Official Document
EngageMediaEngageMedia

DRONE — Digital Rights Oversight & Network Evaluator is an independent policy intelligence platform developed by EngageMedia. It monitors ASEAN digital trade frameworks, legal scrubbing, cross-border data transfer laws, and algorithmic governance threats.

Maintained by: EngageMedia Research Team

Research Modules

  • Data & AI Governance
  • Digital Trade Agreements
  • Platform Accountability
  • Jurisdiction Observatory
  • Verified Policy Ledger
  • Curated Knowledge Hub
  • Encrypted Leaks Portal

EngageMedia Network

  • EngageMedia Official Site

    Open and secure digital technologies, media, and human rights across Asia-Pacific

  • DRAPAC Network

    Digital Rights Asia-Pacific Assembly & Regional Movement Building

© 2026 EngageMedia • DRONE Project • Released under CC BY 4.0 Human Rights License.